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Rash Behari Bose
Indian independence leader (–)
Not to be confused with Rash Behari Ghosh.
Rash Behari Bose | |
|---|---|
Bose before | |
| Born | ()25 May [1][2] Village-Subaldaha, Burdwan, Bengal Presidency, British India[1][2] |
| Died | 21 January () (aged&#;58) Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Citizenship | British Indian (–) Stateless (–) Japan (–; his death) |
| Organisations | |
| Movement | Indian Independence movement, Ghadar Revolution, Indian National Army |
| Spouse | Toshiko Bose (–; her death)[3] |
| Children | 2[3] |
| Relatives | Aizō Sōma (father-in-law) Kokkō Sōma (mother-in-law) |
Rash Behari Bose (; 25 May – 21 January ) was an Indian revolutionary leader and freedom fighter who fought against the British Empire.
He was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and founded the Indian Independence League. Bose also led the Indian National Army (INA) which was formed in under Mohan Singh.[4]
He was behind the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy to assassinate the Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, in [5] After the failed assassination attempt, Bose fled to Imperial Japan.[5] He sided with Imperial Japan against Britain in World War II.[5]
Birth and ancestry
Rash Behari Bose was born in Subaldaha village of Purba Bardhaman district, now in West Bengal, India, on 25 May [6] Bose grew up during the severe pandemics and famines of the British Raj.
It fuelled his dislike for British rule.[1][2] His father's name was Binod Behari Bose and mother was Bhubaneswari Devi. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.[citation needed]
Early life
Bose and his sister, Sushila, spent their childhood in Subaldaha.
They lived with their father and also in the house of Bidhu Mukhi, the widowed sister-in-law of their grandfather, Kalicharan Bose.
Rash behari bose biography books free A lively biography of an important Indian revolutionary, from his attempted assassination of the Viceroy to his anti-imperialist activities in exile. Throughout the s and s, Bose remained a perpetual thorn in the side of the British Empire as he built and maintained a global network of anti-colonialists, radicals, smugglers and intellectuals. After siding with Imperial Japan against his British adversaries during the Second World War, Bose died in —just two years before India gained its independence. A complex, controversial and often contradictory figure, Bose has been described as a committed democrat, an authoritarian, an advocate of religious harmony, a Hindu chauvinist, an anti-Communist, a political pragmatist, an idealist, a Japanese collaborator, an anti-racist, a cultural conservative, a Pan-Asianist, an Indian nationalist, and much more besides. An original and captivating read, connecting waves of revolutionary movements, it fills a major gap in global historiography.His early education was completed under the supervision of Kalicharan in the village 'pathsala' (traditional Hindu village school) which is presently Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School.[citation needed]
Bose was drawn towards the revolutionary movement on hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at Subaldaha.
He was the cynosure of all villagers and was known for his stubborn attitude. His nickname was Rasu. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old.[citation needed]
His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. During this time, Bose had to move to his maternal house in Chandernagar.[citation needed] There Bose studied at Dupleix College with his cousin and friend Shrish Chandra Ghosh.
The principal, Charu Chandra Roy, inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later, he joined Morton School in Calcutta. He subsequently earned degrees in medical sciences and engineering.[citation needed]
Revolutionary activities
Main articles: Delhi conspiracy case and Gadar Conspiracy
Bose left Bengal to avoid the Alipore bomb case trials of [citation needed] At Dehradun, he worked as a head clerk at the Forest Research Institute.
There, through Amarendra Chatterjee of the Jugantar, he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of Bengal and he came across revolutionaries of the Arya Samaj in the United Provinces (currently Uttar Pradesh) and the Punjab.[7]
Following the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, which attempted the assassination of Lord Hardinge on 23 December , Bose was forced to go into hiding.
He was hunted by the colonial police due to his participation in the failed assassination attempt, Hardinge being at that time the Governor General and Viceroy.[citation needed] He returned to Dehradun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. He organised a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.[citation needed][clarification needed]
During the flood relief work in Bengal in , Bose came in contact with Jatin Mukherjee in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Bose's failing zeal.[8] Thus, during World War (WW1) he became one of the leading figures of the Ghadar Mutiny, an attempt to trigger a mutiny in India in February Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army.
The idea of the Gadar leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Bose managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in [citation needed]
Indian National Army
Bose had reached Japan under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of Rabindranath Thakur, an Indian poet.[3] There, Bose found shelter with various Pan-Asian groups.
From to , he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of Aizō Sōma and Kokkō Sōma, the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in , and became a Japanese citizen in , living as a journalist and writer.
It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".[citation needed]
Bose, along with A. M. Nair, was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian revolutionaries, whom Japan ultimately to officially supported.
He convened a conference in Tokyo on 28–30 March , which decided to establish the Indian Independence League. There he also moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the second conference of the League at Bangkok on 22 June , at which a resolution was adopted to invite Subhas Chandra Bose to join the League and take command as its president.[citation needed]
The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Malaya and Burma fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the Indian National Army (INA), formed on 1 September as the military wing of Rash Behari Bose's Indian National League.
He selected the flag for the Azad Hind movement and handed over the flag and the power to Subhas Chandra Bose but his organizational structure remained which was built on the organizational spadework of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari Bose built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Prior to his death caused by tuberculosis, the Japanese Government honoured him with the Order of the Rising Sun (2nd grade).[citation needed]
Personal life
Bose met Toshiko Soma when he was hiding at her house in Shinjuku City.
She was the daughter of Aizō Sōma and Kokkō Sōma, the owners of Nakamuraya bakery (ja:中村屋) in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in At that time, Bose was a fugitive with the British searching for him. Their initial contact was during those intense moments of hiding though without any interactions. In , when Bose was a fugitive no more, he invited the Soma family to his house as a gesture of gratitude.
That was the first instance of their interaction in a social context.[3]
However, Bose stuck out like a sore thumb in Japan. People would consider them with suspicion. Mitsuru Toyama, as a solution proposed to the Soma's a marriage between Toshiko and Rashbehari.
Rash behari bose biography books Jump to ratings and reviews. Want to read. Shop this series. Rate this book. Lexi Kawabe , Lexi Kawabe.He thought that marriage with a Japanese citizen would make it easy for Bose to apply for citizenship. Despite their initial reservations, the Somas agreed to the match. When asked, Toshiko took three weeks to give her consent.[3]
They had a happy marriage lasting eight years. Bose taught Toshiko Bengali and how to wear a sari.
Bose got Japanese citizenship in Toshiko's health declined soon after and it claimed her life in After her death, he never remarried. They were buried together after Bose's death.[9]
They had two children together.
Rash behari bose biography books for sale: Rash Behari Bose (/ rɑːʃbihɑːriˈboʊs / ⓘ; – 21 January ) was an Indian revolutionary leader and freedom fighter who fought against the British Empire. He was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and founded the Indian Independence League.
Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in He died in World War II aged Their daughter Tetsuko was born in [3]
A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including Mitsuru Tōyama, a right-wing nationalist and Pan-Asianism leader (centre, behind the table), and Tsuyoshi Inukai, future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama).
Behind Tōyama is Bose.
Bose and his Japanese supporters in
Bose with wife c.
Legacy
In , the Japanese government honoured Bose with the highest title available to a foreigner, the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class.[10]
On 26 December , the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.[11][12] In the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, a street has been named Rash Behari Avenue in his honour.
In popular culture
In the Indian Bengali-language television series titled Netaji which depicts the life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Fahim Mirza played the role of Rash Behari Bose.
See also
References
- ^ abcBose, Bejon Behari ().
Karmabir Rash Behari (in Bengali).
Rash behari ghosh Search the history of over billion web pages on the Internet. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Uploaded by lexisans on May 11, Hamburger icon An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book.Ila Bose. p.&#;
- ^ abcSengupta, Subodhchandra; Bose, Anjali (). Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan. Calcutta: Sishu Sahitya Samsad. p.&#;
- ^ abcdefবন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, পারিজাত.
"বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 July
- ^Emiko Jozuka (10 May ). "The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule from 3, miles away".
Rash behari bose biography books in order
The story of Rash Behari Bose starts in the s when a small boy began to dream the giant dream of an India, independent of colonial subjugation. His were the hands that made the bombs lobbed at the Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, in a crowded Chandni Chowk procession in Rash Behari then went on to become the mascot of armed struggle to free India; he was a prominent leader of the iconic Jugantar and the Ghadar Party and inspired like mutinies in 26 cantonments in The book, A Samurai Dream of Azad Hind, is also the story of thousands of other men and women involved in the armed struggle to free India and the extensive support network they created, not only throughout India but globally — from California, Mongolia to Japan. Imagine this at a time before the internet and mobiles.CNN. Retrieved 15 March
- ^ abcMcQuade, Joseph (). Fugitive of Empire: Rash Behari Bose, Japan and the Indian Independence Struggle. Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.
- ^Mukherjee, Uma ().
Two Great Indian Revolutionaries. p.&#;
- ^Uma Mukherjee (). Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. p.&#;
- ^Uma Mukherjee (). Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee.
Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. p.&#;
- ^Nathan, Richard (12 March ).
- Rash behari bose biography books for sale
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"Changing Nations: The Japanese Girl With a Book". Red Circle Authors.
- ^"Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose". Archived from the original on 23 January Retrieved 13 October
- ^"A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose". istampgallery.
23 January Retrieved 13 October
- ^"Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp". Indian Post. Retrieved 13 October
Further reading
External links
Media related to Rash Behari Bose at Wikimedia Commons