Charles r drew
Charles R. Drew facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Charles Richard Drew | |
|---|---|
Charles Richard Drew | |
| Born | ()June 3, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Died | April 1, () (aged 45) Burlington, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Amherst College, McGill University, Columbia University |
| Known for | Blood banking, blood transfusions |
| Awards | Spingarn Medal |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | General surgery |
| Institutions | Freedman's Hospital Morgan State University Montreal General Hospital Howard University |
| Doctoral advisor | John Beattie |
Charles Richard Drew (June 3, – April 1, ) was an Americansurgeon and medical researcher.
He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II. This allowed medics to save thousands of lives of the Allied forces. As the most prominent African American in the field, Drew protested against the practice of racial segregation in the donation of blood, as it lacked scientific foundation, and resigned his position with the American Red Cross, which maintained the policy until
Early life and education
Drew was born in into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D.C.
His father, Richard, was a carpet layer and his mother, Nora Burrell, trained as a teacher.
Dr charles r drew He researched in the field of blood transfusions , developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II. This allowed medics to save thousands of Allied forces' lives during the war. Drew was born in into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D. Drew attended Washington's Dunbar High School which was well known for its equality and opportunities for all, despite the racial climate at the time. Drew won an athletics scholarship to Amherst College in Massachusetts , [ 9 ] where he played on the football as well as the track and field team, and later graduated inDrew and three of his four younger siblings grew up in Washington's largely middle-class and interracial Foggy Bottom neighborhood. From until his marriage in , Drew's permanent address was in Arlington County, Virginia, although he graduated from Washington's Dunbar High School in and usually resided elsewhere during that period of time.
Drew won an athletics scholarship to Amherst College in Massachusetts, from which he graduated in An outstanding athlete at Amherst, Drew also joined Omega Psi Phi fraternity as an off-campus member; Amherst fraternities did not admit blacks at that time.
After college, Drew spent two years (–) as a professor of chemistry and biology, the first athletic director, and football coach at the historically black private Morgan College in Baltimore, Maryland, to earn the money to pay for medical school.
Drew attended medical school at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he achieved membership in Alpha Omega Alpha, a scholastic honor society for medical students, ranked second in his graduating class of students, and received the standard Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery degree awarded by the McGill University Faculty of Medicine in
Drew's first appointment as a faculty instructor was for pathology at Howard University from to He then joined Freedman's Hospital, a federally operated facility associated with Howard University, as an instructor in surgery and an assistant surgeon.
In , Drew began graduate work at Columbia University in New York City on the award of a two-year Rockefeller fellowship in surgery.
Charles r drew biography for kids printable He researched in the field of blood transfusions , developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II. This allowed medics to save thousands of lives of the Allied forces. As the most prominent African American in the field, Drew protested against the practice of racial segregation in the donation of blood, as it lacked scientific foundation, and resigned his position with the American Red Cross , which maintained the policy until Drew was born in into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D. His father, Richard, was a carpet layer and his mother, Nora Burrell, trained as a teacher.He then began postgraduate work, earning his Doctor of Science in Surgery at Columbia University. He spent time doing research at Columbia's Presbyterian Hospital and gave a doctoral thesis, "Banked Blood," based on an exhaustive study of blood preservation techniques. He earned a Doctor of Science in Medicine degree in , becoming the first African American to do so.
Blood for Britain
In late , before the U.S.
entered World War II and just after earning his doctorate, Drew was recruited by John Scudder to help set up and administer an early prototype program for blood storage and preservation. He was to collect, test, and transport large quantities of blood plasma for distribution in the United Kingdom. Drew went to New York City as the medical director of the United States' Blood for Britain project.
The Blood for Britain project was a project to aid British soldiers and civilians by giving U.S. blood to the United Kingdom.
Drew started what would be later known as bloodmobiles, which were trucks containing refrigerators of stored blood; this allowed for greater mobility in terms of transportation as well as prospective donations.
Drew created a central location for the blood collection process where donors could go to give blood.
He made sure all blood plasma was tested before it was shipped out.
He ensured that only skilled personnel handled blood plasma to avoid the possibility of contamination. The Blood for Britain program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15, people donating blood, and with over 5, vials of blood plasma. As a result, the Blood Transfusion Betterment Association applauded Drew for his work.
American Red Cross Blood Bank
Out of Drew's work, he was appointed director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank in February The blood bank being in charge of blood for use by the U.S.
Army and Navy, he disagreed with the exclusion of the blood of African-Americans from plasma-supply networks. In , Drew resigned from his posts after the armed forces ruled that the blood of African-Americans would be accepted but would have to be stored separately from that of whites.
Academic career
In , Drew's distinction in his profession was recognized when he became the first African-American surgeon selected to serve as an examiner on the American Board of Surgery.
Drew had a lengthy research and teaching career, returning to Freedman's Hospital and Howard University as a surgeon and professor of medicine in He was awarded the Spingarn Medal by the NAACP in for his work on the British and American projects.
Charles r drew biography for kids He protested against the practice of segregation in the donation of blood to blood banks from donors of different races since it lacked scientific foundation. Charles R. Drew was born in Washington, D. For two years after college, Drew worked as an athletic director, football coach, and science teacher at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland. Drew continued to excel in sports while at McGill, and joined British professor Dr.He was given an honorary doctor of science degree, first by Virginia State College in then by Amherst in
Personal life
In , Drew married Minnie Lenore Robbins, a professor of home economics at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, whom he had met earlier during that year.
They had three daughters and a son. His daughter Charlene Drew Jarvis served on Council of the District of Columbia from to , was the president of Southeastern University from until and was a president of the District of Columbia Chamber of Commerce.
Death
Beginning in , Drew traveled to Tuskegee, Alabama to attend the annual free clinic at the John A.
Andrew Memorial Hospital. For the Tuskegee clinic, Drew drove along with three other black physicians. Drew was driving around 8 a.m.
on April 1. Still fatigued from spending the night before in the operating theater, he lost control of the vehicle. After careening into a field, the car somersaulted three times. The three other physicians suffered minor injuries. Drew was trapped with serious wounds; his foot had become wedged beneath the brake pedal. When reached by emergency technicians, he was in shock and barely alive due to severe leg injuries.
Drew was taken to Alamance General Hospital in Burlington, North Carolina.
He was pronounced dead a half hour after he first received medical attention.
Charles r drew biography for kids youtube
Charles Richard Drew was an African American physician who developed ways to process and store blood plasma in "blood banks. He died on April 1, A pioneering African American medical researcher, Dr. Charles R. Drew made some groundbreaking discoveries in the storage and processing of blood for transfusions.Drew's funeral was held on April 5, , at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church in Washington, D.C.
Legacy
- In , the National Park Service designated the Charles Richard Drew House in Arlington County, Virginia, as a National Historic Landmark in response to a nomination by the Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation.
- In , the United States Postal Service issued a 35¢ postage stamp in its Great Americans series to honor Drew.
- Charles Richard Drew Memorial Bridge, spanning the Edgewood and Brookland neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
- USNS Charles Drew, a dry cargo ship of the United States Navy
- Parc Charles-Drew, in Le Sud-Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- In , scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Drew as one of the Greatest African Americans.
Numerous schools and health-related facilities, as well as other institutions, have been named in honor of Dr.
Drew, including the Martin Luther King Jr./Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Medical and higher education
- In , the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School was incorporated in California and was named in his honor. This later became the Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science.
- Charles Drew Health Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Charles Drew Science Enrichment Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Charles Drew Health Foundation, East Palo Alto, California, s–, was the community's only clinic for decades.
- Charles Drew Pre-Health Society, University of Rochester
- Charles R Drew Wellness Center in Columbia, South Carolina
- Dr.
Charles Drew Red Cross Blood and Platelet Donation Center in Washington D.C.
- Charles R. Drew Hall, an all-male freshman dorm at Howard University, Washington D.C.
- Charles Drew Memorial Cultural House, residence at Amherst College, his alma mater
- Charles Drew Premedical Society at Columbia University, New York
K schools
Drew at the Charles Richard Drew Educational Campus / Intermediate School in the Bronx, NY
- Charles R. Drew Middle School & Magnet school for the gifted, opened Los Angeles Unified School District Charles R. Drew Middle School
- Charles R. Drew Middle School Lincoln Alabama operated by Talladega County Schools
- Charles R.
Drew Junior High School, Detroit, Michigan
- Dr. Charles R. Drew Science Magnet School, Buffalo, NY
- Charles R. Drew Elementary School, Miami Beach and Pompano Beach, Florida
- Bluford Drew Jemison S.T.E.M Academy, Baltimore (closed in )
- Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore, Maryland
- Dr.
Dr charles r drew biography: Charles Richard Drew (June 3, – April 1, ) was an American surgeon and medical researcher. He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II.
Charles R. Drew Elementary School, Colesville, Maryland
- Charles Drew Elementary School, Washington, DC
- Charles R. Drew Elementary School, Arlington, Virginia
- Dr. Charles Drew Elementary School, New Orleans, LA
- Drew Academy, Houston, Texas Aldine ISD
- Charles R. Drew Intermediate School, Crosby, Texas
- Dr.
Charles Drew Elementary School, San Francisco, Ca.
- Charles Richard Drew Intermediate School / Charles Richard Drew Educational Campus, Bronx, New York
Images for kids
Charles Drew's Dunbar High School yearbook entry.
Freedman's Hospital between and
Plasma transfusion package and extractor used to collect plasma from donors
See also
In Spanish: Charles Richard Drew para niños