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Galileo Galilei February 15, —January 8, was a famous inventor , mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher whose inventive mind and stubborn nature ran him into trouble with the Inquisition. His father c. Vincenzo was attached to the court and was often traveling. The family was originally named Bonaiuti, but they had an illustrious ancestor named Galileo Bonaiuti — who was a physician and public officer in Pisa. One branch of the family broke off and began calling itself Galilei "of Galileo" , and so Galileo Galilei was doubly named after him.Galileo Galilei
| Italian physicist, astronomer, one of the founders of natural science, an outstanding thinker of the Renaissance. Date of Birth: Country: Italy |
Biography of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer, and one of the founders of natural science, as well as a prominent thinker of the Renaissance.
He was born on February 15, , in the city of Pisa, into a noble but impoverished family. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a talented musician and composer, but art did not provide enough income, so he supplemented his earnings with cloth trading.
Galileo lived in Pisa until the age of eleven, where he attended school, and then moved with his family to Florence.
There, he continued his education at a Benedictine monastery, studying grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, and other subjects.
At the age of seventeen, Galileo enrolled at the University of Pisa to pursue a career in medicine. Due to financial constraints, he had to leave the university and return to Florence. It was here that Galileo began studying mathematics and physics. In , he wrote his first scientific work, "Little Hydrostatic Weights".
In , Galileo obtained a professorship in mathematics at the University of Pisa, where he taught mathematics and astronomy.
Tropfenfotografie galileo biography He was born in the city of Pisa , then part of the Duchy of Florence. Galileo studied speed and velocity , gravity and free fall , the principle of relativity , inertia , projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of the pendulum and " hydrostatic balances". He was one of the earliest Renaissance developers of the thermoscope [ 9 ] and the inventor of various military compasses. With an improved telescope he built, he observed the stars of the Milky Way , the phases of Venus , the four largest satellites of Jupiter , Saturn's rings , lunar craters and sunspots. He also built an early microscope.During this time, he conducted experiments by dropping various objects from the inclined Tower of Pisa to test Aristotle's theory that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. His experiments proved this theory to be false. In , Galileo constructed his first telescope, an optical system consisting of convex and concave lenses, and began systematic astronomical observations.
This marked the rebirth of the telescope, which had been virtually unknown for nearly twenty years, and became a powerful tool for scientific inquiry.
Therefore, Galileo can be considered the inventor of the first telescope.
He quickly improved his telescope, and according to his own words, "built an instrument so perfect that objects appeared almost a thousand times larger and more than thirty times closer than when observed with the naked eye". Galileo turned his telescope towards the sky on the night of January 7, What he saw there – the lunar landscape, mountain ranges and peaks – led him to believe that the Moon resembled the Earth and had mountain systems.
This discovery contradicted religious dogma and Aristotle's teachings about the special position of Earth among celestial bodies. Galileo also discovered four moons of Jupiter, which also contradicted Aristotle's teachings. He established that the Sun rotates on its axis. Based on his observations, Galileo concluded that rotational motion was inherent to all celestial bodies and that the heliocentric system proposed by Copernicus was the only true one.
Galileo began to advocate more boldly for Copernican theory.
In , eleven prominent theologians reviewed Copernican theory and concluded that it was false.
Galileo biography earth Galileo was an Italian astronomer, mathematician, physicist, philosopher and professor who made pioneering observations of nature with long-lasting implications for the study of physics. He also constructed a telescope and supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs, and wrote a number of books on his ideas. Galileo was the first of six children born to Vincenzo Galilei, a well-known musician and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati. In , the family moved to Florence, where Galileo started his formal education at the Camaldolese monastery in Vallombrosa.It was declared heretical, and Copernicus' book "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" was included in the Index of Forbidden Books. Galileo was summoned from Florence to Rome and ordered to cease propagating heretical views on the structure of the universe. Galileo was forced to comply. In , his book "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems – Ptolemaic and Copernican" was published.
The book was written in the form of a dialogue between two Copernican supporters and one adherent of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Each interlocutor sought to understand the other's point of view and the validity of their arguments.
Sanctions followed immediately. The sale of the "Dialogue" was banned, and Galileo was called to trial in Rome.
The trial lasted from April to June , and on June 22, at the same church where Giordano Bruno had received his death sentence, Galileo, kneeling, uttered the prescribed recantation.
Tropfenfotografie galileo biography for kids Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer, and one of the founders of natural science, as well as a prominent thinker of the Renaissance. He was born on February 15, , in the city of Pisa, into a noble but impoverished family. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a talented musician and composer, but art did not provide enough income, so he supplemented his earnings with cloth trading. Galileo lived in Pisa until the age of eleven, where he attended school, and then moved with his family to Florence. There, he continued his education at a Benedictine monastery, studying grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, and other subjects.In the final years of his life, he had to work under the harshest conditions.
He lived under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri (Florence) under constant supervision by the Inquisition. It was during this time, for a period of two years, that Galileo wrote "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations" where he presented the foundations of dynamics.
In May , the scientist negotiated the publication of his work in the Netherlands and secretly sent the manuscript there. The "Discourses" were published in Nieuw-Leyden in July , almost a year later, the book reached Arcetri in June By that time, the sick and blind Galileo could only touch his creation with his hands.
Galileo Galilei died on January 8, He was buried in the monastic chapel of the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence without honors or a tombstone.
It wasn't until November that Pope John Paul II officially acknowledged that the Inquisition had made an error in , forcing the scientist to recant Copernican theory.